Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Introduction

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or SLE is a disease autoimmune autoimmune diseases, which among a group of diseases attacking the immune system tissues and cells the body causing the inflammation and damage which is a flaw and that's where the essential function of the immune
system functions is to identify what is strange and hostile to our bodies - such as the harmful microbes or viruses or material - and what is in the structure of our body cells and tissues and organs.

It is a chronic disease multiple organ multisystem, featuring periods of activity exacerbations and periods of latency remissions, and most injuries by be among women between 15 to 45 years ie in the period fertility child bearing age, where the ratio between them from 70 to 90 percent of the total injuries disease, and disease can affect all ages, including newborns neonates.

Pathophysiology  

Arises disease result response is normal or abnormal environmental factors (such as exposure to UV ultra-violet rays - and located within the sun and under the light rays emitted from the light industrial - and such exposure to infection or taking certain medications) and in people who have a genetic predisposition, As a result of this response consists of antibodies autoimmune diseases attack the tissues of the body and inflammation is occurring inflamation or damage and damage vehicles immune immune complexes are deposited in the blood vessels and organs of the body.

Symptoms and signs

Since the disease affects multiple devices in the body, the symptoms and signs are multiple and vary from case to case and include:

• symptoms and signs of disease prevalent

It joint pain and inflammation arthralgias and arthritis and rash face and skin malar and other skin rashes and inflammation of the membranes around the lungs and heart pleuritis or pericarditis also include infection kidneys and central nervous system renal and CNS involvement, as well as a decrease in the number of blood cells types hematologic cytopenia.

These vary signs and symptoms often from case to case, it is possible that the onset of the disease suddenly high heat or over months or years in the form of painful crises joints and feeling unwell arthralgias and malaise, may be disease in its infancy in the form of headaches or seizures or mental disorder psychoses. 

• signs and symptoms special joints

And that will be between the pain intermittent intermittent arthralgias to severe inflammation joints multiple acute polyarthritis occurs in 90 percent of cases, was preceded by signs and symptoms other symptoms of the disease years and be most injuries joints is destroyed or distorted detailed nondestructive and nondeforming, but with long-term illness The distortions fingers joints may arise.

• signs and symptoms of the skin

These types:

injuries Systemic Lupus Erythematosus acute acute lupus erythematosus.

This type causes a rash on the cheeks through a butterfly-shaped nose and a red rash and pink malar butterfly erythema.

and injuries Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Subacute subacute lupus erythematosus

  They cause rash superficial and dry circular ring-shaped on both sides of the body symmetrical, which can appear anywhere in the body, but usually appears on the back, chest, and this kind does not leave fibrosis scars in places that infects not be accompanied usually symptomatic systemic other meaningful.

and injuries Systemic Lupus Erythematosus chronic chronic lupus erythematosus

It is commonly called lupus discoid lupus Round.  

This type is the most prevalent and causes a rash on the form of tablets like currency coin shaped and are usually on the cheeks and nose, but may occur upper back or neck or on the backs of the hands or on the lips or scalp rash red and has a peel scaly and this kind leave a mark always permanent scars, and may cause permanent loss of hair place of injury permanent hair loss, and so when you hit the scalp and have the appearance of zones free of hair and infected Baltalbh in patches or alopecia General generalized or focal during disease activity, and may cause this type قرحا and peel when injury lips . There are other types of skin lesions, a rare species.

And must be infected with any of these types lack of sun exposure and wear sunscreen and that's where the sun worsen these cases, as you must put Paints and sunscreen before sun exposure, half an hour if necessary.

And cause inflammation of the tissue under the skin and the existence of a contract nodular lesions and cause inflammation of the blood vessels of the skin of red mottled mottled erythema Evin and fingers and around the nails periungual erythema also occur pools of blood under the skin purpura & petechiae.

• signs and symptoms of heart and lungs

And include the inflammation frequent membrane around the lungs recurrent pleurisy with infiltration pleural effusion or lack of it has complications such as bleeding from the lungs pulmonary hemorrhage or stroke artery pulmonary pulmonary emboli or high pressure artery pulmonary pulmonary hypertension or contraction lungs or the so-called syndrome lung shrinking shrinking lung syndrome . The signs and symptoms of heart include the inflammation of the membrane around the heart pericarditis which is the most common complication and seepage around the heart pericardial effusion and myocarditis myocarditis.

• symptoms and signs of lymph nodes and spleen

The inflammation occurs in lymph nodes generalized adenopathy is common, especially in children and young adults young adults and dark-skinned blacks and enlarged spleen occurs in 10 percent of infected cases Lupus Erythematosus.

• signs and symptoms related to the nervous system

And arise due to the infection of any part of the central nervous system or peripheral central or peripheral nervous or membranes around the brain meninges, and the most common symptoms malfunction simple cognitive mild cognitive impairment or headache or changes personality personality changes or deficiencies arteries brain ischemic stroke or bleeding under the class site of the meninges surrounding the brain subarachnoid hemorrhage or seizures or convulsions mental disorder psychoses or organic brain syndrome organic brain syndrome or disorder Palmkhikh cerebellar dysfunction or membrane sterile meningitis aseptic meningitis or peripheral nerve disorders peripheral neuropathies or myelitis browser transverse myelitis.

• Symptoms and signs especially the kidneys

It may appear at any time, have for their symptoms without appearing in any other member, and may be benign or severe, and symptoms include the presence of protein in urine proteinuria and red blood cells and white and high blood pressure with fluids combine the cells of the body's tissues. The ending injuries kidneys kidney failure.

• symptoms and signs of blood

Include a shortage of the number of different kinds of blood cells red, white and platelets.

 

• symptoms related to the digestive system

It happens abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting and arises as a result of affected bowel movement or inflammation of the blood vessels.

• the impact of the disease on pregnancy

May cause the loss of the fetus in early pregnancy or at the end, however, the pregnancy and birth be successful in cases where the disease is latent and is active throughout pregnancy.

Tests

Most important of which are:

• work blood test to detect antibodies to the nucleus of the cells of the body antinuclear antibodies - ANA

• blood analysis work to detect antibodies to the cell means anticytoplasmic antibodies

• work count of white blood cells and platelets and red and fall in the incidence of lupus

• work urinalysis to detect the presence of protein in urine proteinuria and red blood cells and cells Sididip.

Diagnosis

Be diagnosed with the disease symptoms and signs and medical examinations.

Treatment

• Avoid exposure to sunlight and paints to prevent impact.

• give aspirin to prevent clotting.

• given antimalarial drugs such as hydroxy compound chloroquine hydroxychloroquine therapy reduces inflammation of the tissues arising as a result of the disease.

Note: This topic is copied from http://sehha.com/diseases/autoimmune/SLE.html